纤维状超级电容器凭借其优异的机械柔性与一维结构，被认为是可穿戴电子极具前景的微能量存储单元。然而，传统器件电解质存在潜在毒性、且易泄漏带来安全隐患，严重制约其实际应用。因此，开发生物友好、安全可控的柔性储能策略具有重要意义。基于此，本文，安徽大学何稳 副教授、王佩红 教授团队在《Nano Letters》发表名为”Interface Engineering Strategy of Polydopamine-Decorated rGO/Carbon Fiber Electrodes toward Robust Sweat-Activated Yarn Supercapacitors”的论文，研究提出了一种界面工程调控策略。该团队设计并制备了聚多巴胺修饰的还原氧化石墨烯（rGO/PDA）复合材料，并成功构建了高性能汗液激活纱线超级电容器（SYSC）。
此外，rGO/PDA 复合材料优异的界面润湿性与丰富的电化学活性位点，协同提升了电极在人工汗液环境下的离子可及性与电荷传输效率。经测试，SYSC 在 120–3000 μW cm⁻² 的功率密度下，展现出 0.57–12.1 μWh cm⁻² 的高能量密度，并在大变形后仍保持高度稳定。同时，该器件以汗液激活工作、有效消除了电解质泄漏引发的安全隐患，使其适用于可穿戴自供电与贴肤健康监测场景。本研究提出了一种基于界面工程的 rGO/PDA 复合电极设计策略，该策略显著增强了柔性纱线超级电容器的生物友好性与安全可控性，并为可穿戴柔性储能器件提供了新的材料构建思路。
Figure 1.Structure and material composition of SYSC. (a) The structure of SYSC and its application scenario in wearable devices. (b) Preparation process of the CF/rGO/PDA electrode. (c–e) SEM images of CF, CF/rGO, and CF/rGO/PDA electrodes. (f) TEM image of rGO/PDA. (g–i) The elemental mapping of rGO/PDA.
Figure 3.Preparation process and electrochemical test of SYSC. (a) Preparation process of SYSC. (b) Photograph of SYSC. (c) CV curves at different scan rates (2–100 mV s–1). (d, e) GCD curves and specific capacitance at different current densities (0.2–5 mA cm–2). (f) Ragone plot of SYSC compared with other reported works. (g) CV curves (20 mV s–1) and (h) specific capacitance (0.2 mA cm–2) in artificial sweat at different pH levels (2.5–6.5).
Figure 4.Potential applications of SYSC. (a–d) Photographs of SYSC at different bending angles. (e) CV curves of SYSC recorded at a scan rate of 20 mV s–1 at different bending angles (0–180°). (f) Schematic diagram of the fabrication of sweat-activated energy-storage fabrics using textile processes. (g) Photograph of the sweat-activated energy-storage fabric based on SYSC. (h, (i) Photographs showing the energy-storage fabric powering a digital hygrothermograph with and without sweat, respectively. (j) Schematic diagram of a self-powered system based on flexible solar cells and SYSC. (k, l) Photographs showing the spatial integration of the photovoltaic unit and SYSC on a wearable garment. (m) A photograph showing the self-powered system stably powering a wireless body temperature sensor.
本研究采用了界面工程调控策略，基于聚多巴胺修饰还原氧化石墨烯（rGO/PDA）复合电极。最终，制备出以汗液激活工作的高性能纱线超级电容器（SYSC）。研究结果表明，SYSC 在 120–3000 μW cm⁻² 功率密度下展现出 0.57–12.1 μWh cm⁻² 的高能量密度，并在大变形后仍保持高度稳定。同时，电极在人工汗液环境中表现出优异的电化学性能与循环耐久性。该器件表现出良好的生物友好性与安全可控性。因此，本研究有望为可穿戴柔性储能提供新的见解。此外，其与柔性太阳能电池集成的自供电系统及贴肤应用前景，从而拓展了安全型柔性微能源的设计边界。
文献：https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6c03064
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