随着5G通信和柔性电子设备快速发展，电磁辐射干扰日益突出，可穿戴场景还要求屏蔽材料轻薄、柔韧且耐环境。传统金属材料密度大、柔性差，且以反射为主；纳米纤维复合膜虽然柔性好、孔隙可调，却常依赖高填料填充，界面结合较弱，反复弯折或处于酸碱、高低温环境时易发生填料脱落和性能衰减。如何在较低填料用量下兼顾屏蔽、力学强度与稳定性，仍是关键挑战。
近期，武汉纺织大学杨晨光团队在《Surfaces and Interfaces》发表题为“High-strength and flexible cross-linked Poly(vinyl alcohol-co-ethylene)/ UHMWPE/Fe3O4@RGO nanofiber film for high-performance electromagnetic shielding”的研究论文。研究团队以聚乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物（PVA-CO-PE）纳米纤维和超高分子量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）纤维构建互穿网络，将Fe3O4@RGO作为磁-电双功能填料，经真空抽滤成膜和365 nm紫外辐照制得复合膜。TMPTMA与两种纤维接枝交联，UHMWPE发生自交联，RGO表面的含氧官能团还可与PVA-co-PE纤维形成氢键。化学交联与氢键协同增强了界面结合，使导电填料紧密锚定，原本松散的导电介质连成连续三维网络。
性能测试显示，复合膜在X波段（8.2–12.4 GHz）的电磁屏蔽效能由26.9 dB提升至37.1 dB，电导率由4.8 S/cm提高到13.7 S/cm，拉伸强度由5.1 MPa提高到13.3 MPa。100次压缩循环后屏蔽效能保持93.4%；在强酸、强碱、液氮和200 ℃条件下处理后，衰减小于3 dB且仍高于33 dB。薄膜在4.0 V下表面温度达58.1 ℃，不同光强下约40 s达到饱和温度，兼具电热与光热转换能力，为智能可穿戴和电子器件热管理提供了新的材料方案。
图1、 (a) Schematic diagram of the preparation of PVA/UPE/FeO/RG-X. (b) SEM image of the Fe3O4@RGO. (c) EDS image of Fe element of the Fe3O4@RGO. (d) SEM images of the PVA/UPE film. (e, e’ and f) SEM images, photo and EDS image of the PVA/UPE/FeO/RG-X.
图2、 (a) XRD curves of PVA/UPE, PVA/UPE/FeO/RG, and PVA/UPE/FeO/RG-X. (b) FTIR spectra of different samples. (c, d) high-resolution C1s XPS curves of (a) PVA/UPE/FeO/RG and (b) PVA/UPE/FeO/RG-X films. high-resolution O1s curves of (e) PVA/UPE/FeO/RG and (f) PVA/UPE/FeO/RG-X films.
图3、 (a) EMI SE of different films. (b) SET, SEA and SER of different samples. (c) The solvent resistance test. (d) Extreme environmental temperature test. (e) EMI mechanism of PVA/UPE/FeO/RG-X film.
图4、(a) Conductivity and resistivity of different films. (b) Time-dependence of surface temperatures. (c) Custom surface temperatures. (d) Surface temperatures of PVA/UPE/FeO/RG-X film at a constant voltage of 4.0 V. (e) Experimental data and linear fitting of the saturation temperature versus U2.
图5、 (a) Curves of surface temperature changes for PVA/UPE/FeO/RG-X under different light intensities. (b) Surface temperature cycling stability curve. (c) Statistical graph of surface temperature changes of gradient heating and rapid cooling. (d) Infrared images of surface temperatures at different time points.
图6、(a) Tensile stress-strain curves of different samples. (b) Tensile stress. (c) Tensile strain. (d) Tensile modulus. (e) 100 cycles of compression curves. (f) Enhancement mechanism schematic diagram.
图7、(a) Comparison of the tensile strength of similar types of electromagnetic shielding materials. (b) EMI SE, (c) SSE, and (d) SSE/t of the PVA/UPE/FeO/RG-X film compared with those in previous work. (e) SSE/t vs filling contents (The literature marked in blue in Table S2).
本研究通过真空辅助抽滤与紫外诱导交联相结合的策略，制备了高强度、柔性、多功能的PVA/UPE/FeO/RG-X纳米纤维复合膜。紫外交联与氢键自组装构建了稳定的三维网络，增强了纤维间界面结合并提高了导电网络的连续性；Fe3O4的磁损耗与RGO的介电损耗协同作用，强化了电磁波吸收与多重反射衰减。优化后的复合膜电磁屏蔽效能达37.1 dB，拉伸强度达13.3 MPa，电导率达13.7 S/cm，SSE/t达6314.68 dB·cm2·g−1；100次压缩循环后屏蔽效能保持93.4%，并在强酸、强碱、液氮和200 ℃条件下保持稳定。材料还具备可调的电热与快速光热响应，在智能可穿戴设备、医疗热疗、电子器件热管理与电磁防护等方向展现出应用潜力。
文献链接：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfin.2026.110979
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